Analysis of Langston Hughes´ The Negro Speaks of Rivers

Langston Hughes A Poetic of the Harlem Renaissance During the Harlem Renaissance copious African Americans writers arose from this movement including Claude McKay, Zora Neale Hurston, Countee Cullen, and especially Langston Hughes. Langston Hughes has endured hardships from the time his parents separated to being raised in different cities. Hughes has tried multiple times to reconnect with his father, but it never succeeded. Although Langston Hughes has a complicated relationship with his father it led him to write one of the most well-known novels that gave him recognition: Negro Speaks of Rivers. Langston Hughes was born February 1st, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. Hughes’s father, James Nathaniel Hughes, left him and his mother and headed to Mexico. Hughes, his mother unable to provide for him, lived with his grandmother in Lawrence, Kansas. Langston Hughes had ‘‘learned lessons in endurance and pride from his grandmother’’ (Litz 725). He lived with his Aunt Reed outside of Lawrence, after his grandmother had died when he was twelve years old. A year later he moved to Lincoln, Illinois with his mom and stepdad afterward his stepbrother. Hughes and his family moved, where he was enrolled in a high school in Cleveland. Langston was fascinated with Carl Sandburg and Paul Dunbar. ‘‘Sandburg became one of the most important influences on Langston work’’ (Bryant 13). Hughes contributed to his school literary magazine where he wrote poems about Sandburg and Dunbar. In theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Langston Hughes Poem The Negro Speaks Of Rivers 1242 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Merton Lee EN-101-12 28 October 2014 Essay 2 While reading Langston Hughes’ poem, â€Å"The Negro Speaks of Rivers† the theme of roots is predominant throughout the reading, this theme raises question to the whole meaning of the poem. Although the word â€Å"roots† itself is never in the actual text, it contains strong details of the poem promoting deep imagery and depiction of veins, tributaries, and the roots of the plants and trees. Hughes wanted to give the reader the illusion of a timelessness in theseRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s The Negros Speaks Of Rivers 896 Words   |  4 Pages In 1902, Langston Hughes was born to an African American woman and a bi-racial man, who had later abandoned them and settled in Mexico to become a lawyer. His grandmother raised him in Joplin, Missouri, while his mother worked long hours at multiple jobs to earn a living. Later on, his mother remarried and moved them to Cleveland, Ohio, were Hughes went to high school and was an excellent student. During this time, Hughes began to elaborate on the stories of African American life in the south thatRead MoreRichard Wrights Assessment for the Negro Writers Essay1373 Words   |  6 PagesRichard Wrights Assessment for the Negro Writers Introduction Richard Wright’s plead in the Blueprint for Negro Writing could be very well summarized in one of the famous words from Thomas Kempis, â€Å"Be not angry that you cannot make others as you wish them to be, since you cannot make yourself as you wish to be.† In this popular essay, Richard Wright denounced the Negro writers as he perceived them to be merely begging for the sympathy of the bourgeoisie instead of striving to present a lifeRead MoreExploring the Symbolism and Historical Allusions in Langston Hughes The Negro Speaks of Rivers1311 Words   |  5 Pagesallusions in Langston Hughess The Negro Speaks of Rivers, I hoped to trace the different elements that influenced Hughes and how he viewed himself within the world and society. In the process of examining the poem and beginning to create a structure, I had to not only look at the superficial meaning of what Hughes was saying, but also look for alternative meanings of what he said. Additionally, I had to tie in my knowledge of history and society, which helped me to better understand Hughes and whatRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreLangston Hughes Essay797 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes is regarded as one of the most eloquent of American poets to have sung the wounds of political injustice. While some of his poetry can be classified as non-racial most of it can be categorized as literature of protest. Hughes background and personal beliefs were quite influential in his writing and it is reflected in his tremendous discontent for the white mans world. Three of his works that that display this feeling and similar theme include The NegroRead MoreJames Mecer Langston Hughes: Literary Genius1763 Words   |  8 PagesJames Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. James Hughes and Carrie Langston are Hughes’ parents. They later divorced when Hughes was young. After his parents divorced he went to live with his grandmother until he turned thirteen years old. At thirteen years old he moved to Lincoln, Illinois. After living in Illinois he later moved to Cleveland, Ohio to live with his mother. When he moved to Clevelan d he started writing poetry (â€Å"James Mercer†¦Ã¢â‚¬  par. 2). Langston had manyRead MoreLangston Hughes And His Harlem Dream1902 Words   |  8 PagesLangston Hughes and His Harlem Dream An explosion of written and artistic creativity, a time of social awareness and enlightenment among the black race. The Harlem Renaissance, originally known as ‘The New Negro Movement’, began after the first world war and lasted until the middle of the 1930’s depression. Harlem became a destination for African Americans throughout the early 1900’s as part of the great migration. As more blacks made Harlem their home, it increasingly became well known as an AfricanRead MoreThe Negro Speaks Of Rivers1548 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes was an American poet, novelist, and playwright whose African-American themes names him a primary contributor to the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. After moving from several cities, Hughes and his mother finally settled in Cleveland, Ohio. During this time, Hughes began to write poetry. One of his teachers introduced him to the poetry of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman, both whom Hughes would later cite as primary influe nces. By the time Hughes was enrolled at Columbia UniversityRead MoreAnalysis and Interpretation of I, Too Sing America by Langston Hughes1148 Words   |  5 Pagesconsidered to be very characteristic for radical poetry of Langston Hughes. The majority of literary critiques and historians refer to Hughes as one of the first American poets, who set the standards and examples how to challenge the post-World War I ethnic nationalism. His poetry contributed and shaped to some extent the politics of the Harlem Renaissance. In analysis of Black poetry Charles S. Johnson wrote that the new racial poetry of the Negro is the expression of something more than experimentation

Value on Human Life Free Essays

Maybe even in the value of dollars and cents. Every human values life in a slightly different way many may be similar but no one is the same that’s why our values are different. Life Is a precious thing and people protect it with all they have. We will write a custom essay sample on Value on Human Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now I would probably question why people have to pass away. We come into this world and live than die In a relatively short amount of time. People might question why do we have to die? For example In the Galoshes Epic, Galoshes a man who has recently suffered a friend’s death questions why humans have to die. It’s a great question and Galoshes goes through a great deal trouble to answer this everlasting question. People can’t cope with death. They can’t believe that the person they once saw everyday or maybe even just walked by them in a school hall, that they will never see them again. Non-existence from something that was very much alive not to long ago and still in our minds’. For instance Lance Armstrong, a world-class cyclist and a multi Tour De France winner was on top of the world until age 25 when he was diagnosed with testicular cancer. I don’t know about you but a athlete is not the first person I picture when I hear the word cancer. Sadly death favors no man, Its preys on whom ever It wants. That’s why when the cyclist Lance Armstrong got the terrible news he fought through It and defeated It even though the odds were against him. And he got out of the whole ordeal with a new state of mind. That Is something I respect, a person who starred at the face of death and said, â€Å"no now is not my time†. Lance Armstrong valued his life in the achievements and it’s the simple things he valued when near death. Just to ride another bike race was what a dearly wanted. Valuating life as a experience of many glorious things and that I agree on with him. On the other hand, which I don’t agree on at all, is Amanda Ripples article † What is life worth? † She describes how a dollar value was put on each of the September 1 lath victims in the planes and buildings for their family’s to get a money relief for their loss. The money relief ranged anywhere from the hundred thousands to millions of dollars. This In retrospect seems like a great idea but It quickly became a horrible idea. It’s human nature to want more almost anything so once when the government decided to hand out money to the victim’s families’ people Immediately wanted more money. Most of these families decided that money could replace a life. Surely money can’t but it could help continue or renew ones life when someone looses a significant loss but he rather pursue his life raising his two daughters than pursue a lawsuit. People must go on with life because life doesn’t have a dollar value on it it’s what you did hear on earth when you were alive that counts not after death. In conclusion and to the words I try to live my life by is that â€Å"everyone dies but not everyone really lives†. We can spend our whole life Just getting by to find a meaning or a value in life but I believe that life itself should be a precious value, over achievements, fame, and money. Live life to the fullest because you never know when it could end. Society should not but a certain value on a persons life, we are all humans and we are all some what capable of all the same things so life itself should be the main value we have. How to cite Value on Human Life, Papers

Change Management Processc

Questions: Task: You have been asked to oversee a major change management process in your organisation (fact or fictional). Write an essay of about outlining how you would manage this change. In your essay you must address the following key points: Outline the change that is going to take place; What approach you will take in managing the change; What are the key elements that you will have to manage during the change process? What approaches will you use to measure the success of the change process? What will be your approach to incorporating the learnings from the change process into future change management activities? Answers: Introduction Change management is defined as the process of changing various aspects of an organization or a company, such as production procedure, employee performance, the work environment of the employees and many others. An organization has many different aspects to deal with. Sometimes some of an aspect may cause harm to the organization. Then it is severely necessary to change that particular aspect. There are three steps of bringing any change to the organization. First, the problems need to be identified by the management, then the problem or the issue should be properly analyzed, and the source of the problem should be identified, and finally the final step is to solve the problem with required skill and confidence. The change management is one of the most important aspects of running an organization successfully. Many organizations including some large scale organization had bankrupted just because of lack of change of the required issues. Similarly for an health care organization, the issues should be avoided by adopting proper change. Changes need to be taken by the management At the period of getting some changes in an organization, at first, the management of the organization has to search the faults of the organization, here a health care organization (Change management, 2007). After that, the problems are needed to be sorted out and then the finding problems are come to know how these problems can be overcome. The management of a health care organization always needs to be perfect and to serve to people properly. So if any problems to the organization come where it cant get as profit as it got at the previous time, it may take some changes over the working process of the management. Through the way of getting the output, the process of change project would point out the problems relevant to the up gradation of software and hardware equipment, improvement of personnel training; empowerment of employees has extra motives and environment of the workplace (Pugh Mayle, 2009). To begin the changes the management needs to have some agreement like these chang es would never get a change directly to the organizational culture as it could meet resistance and smell failure in a very short period. So the pointed problems of the company are needed to get an eye over it. A health care organization or hospital depends upon different factors such as, the communication between hospital management and the patient as well as their family members, the proper use of the surgical equipment, the procedure of medical examination and many others. Other than that, updated hardware and software equipment is also important to the organization. Then it comes to the efficient and skillful work of the workers or employees of the organization (Greener Hughes, 2006). How the fresher workers can be more efficient to their job, it comes under the eye of training period of the trainees. So the training of the fresher workers' is much important to get more benefitted. Management of a health care organization provides trainers for training the new joiners of the com pany as they can give them more responsibilities and get more profit than what they are getting right now. When these all new joiners get over their training period, they will be more experienced and skillful from what they were at the first day of joining. But these all problems would get changes without affecting the organizational culture of the company because the changes of the organizational culture can reach to the root of the company and it can give positive and negative both kinds of effects to the organization. Another problem that can be taken under changes is an environment of the workplace which is a major and effective problem of an organization (Hughes, 2007). The communication between the management and the workers must be more pleasant. Similarly the communication between the management or the workers and the patient and their family members must be nice. Thus if there is any problem with the communication, it should be modified or changed. The significance of approach in managing the change After the findings of the problems of the health care organization, there will be some approaches to the higher authority of the company. The communicational approach is one of the most valuable approaches to the management (Hughes, 2007). Communication between the leaders and their employees' should be friendlier for the improvement of the outcome of the given project. If the understanding between the management and the health care workers does not meet converges to the ultimate aim the output of the work won't be beneficial. Another point of approach is up gradation of the medical examination procedure. Backdated equipment gives an output to the respect of the given input, but more updated equpment gives a better performance to the respect of given one. The medical examination procedure is synchronized to the benefit of the organization, so it is very important to get changes in case of examination procedure as well as (Victor Franckeiss, 2002). In the event of this change, the ap proach to the authority should point on time. Time is very important to an organization as they want to have a maximum job to the respect of minimum time. So this is what every organization needs from their employees to get benefited of to the respect of time. If a company gets more performance by the respect of time, the management will get more profit. So the up gradation of the hardware and software equipment will squeeze the working time. Employees can provide maximum output in respect of less time (Victor Franckeiss, 2002). There is another approach to the management of the organization which will be polite environment at the workplace. If the fresh workers can get polite behavior, friendlier attitude from the trainers they can understand their job more frequently and this can give more benefit to the company. As the new joiners will follow their job more successively, they can provide their performance soon. So the trainers of the management should be more polite in nature an d friendlier to their trainees. When a new joiner won't get scared to ask his or her trainer about their queries they will be close to their service more easily. So these are the approaches which can be put in front of the management to update their job strategies. So the approaches will be based on communication between leaders and employees, time management which could run the company more frequently with the help of updated hardware and software equipment, polite behavior and friendlier environment in the workplace, understanding attitudes of the trainers towards the trainees. These all could be beneficial to the organization (Maruca, 2006). Identification of the key elements needs to be managed during the change process Now the key elements or the factors which should be changed for the management of the company has been discussed earlier (Lewis, Passmore, Cantore, 2011). For getting a better outcome the management of the organization should pay attention to the aspect of updating hardware and software equipment of the company, inspire the workers to do their job in more efficient and better method, making a good and motivational environment for the fresher workers of the organization. These are the key points or elements need to be managed during the period of getting changes in the organization. When the workers get a refreshed environment, they can perform in a relaxed mind and give the most skillful job to the management. So the management should reserve a separate time to make refreshment to the workers of the organization (Calvez Gunette, 2003). As they are getting a time of food, they can relax at that time and get the energy to perform better. Like this, the environment of the workplace sh ould be lighter as the employees would be able to do the most skillful job at the place where they are working. There is another finding of a problem on the backdated technological versions of the working equipment of the company. At first, the old versions of the medical examination equipment should be removed. After that management should put an eye on the new versions of the technology, and then they will appoint some workers to find the ultimate equipment what the organization needs (Murrell Meredith, 2000). Then the management will get that updated equipment to the company and let their experienced workers put a try on those. If the experienced workers can perform better job through the innovative technology adaptation, the company will spare other workers to work with that new version equipment. The performance of the workers will get higher, and company will get maximum profit in minimum time. Next there comes the communication gap between the trainers and trainees. In the m aximum cases, the communication between trainers and the trainees are not so smooth that is why the post-training period performance of the most of the employees are not so well (Schermerhorn, Osborn, Hunt, 2000). The atmosphere of the training period should be friendlier towards the trainees. The relation between trainees and trainers should be more refreshed as the trainees can clear their queries through a peaceful mind and after they reach to their post-training period, they will be able to perform a better job. These are the key elements of the problems which should be given more attention at the time of changes. Different types of approaches to measuring the success of the change process The above-mentioned issues or problems severely harm the organization or the company. Thus to run the health care organization successfully some changes must be taken by the management of the organization (Kerber Buono, 2007). Suppose if a company is constantly getting negative remarks from the patient or their family members then there must be some problem with their service. In that case they to be more creative and more satisfactory towards their patients. The better is the satisfaction of the patients the more will be the profit of the organization or the company. There are various approaches to the management of the change process. The organization or to be more precise the management have to be more conscious towards various aspects of the organization. For example the training process of the fresher employees, the work environment of the employees, the communication between the management and the patients and their family members, hardware and software development of the comp any and so many (Peppers Rogers, 2011). The training process of the fresher employees is one of the basic requirements in the way to develop the business of the company. If there is any problem in the training process then in future the employees will have to face some problems regarding their work. That means it is the responsibility of the management to provide the most experienced trainer for the training process. Another important thing is the duration or time of the training. Every employee does not have equal merit, so sufficient time should be given to the fresher to know the process of the work. This is how the employee can gain required skill and confidence to deal with their job. The communication between the trainer and the employee should be pleasant and nice. Otherwise, it may cause disobedience of the fresher employees (Finch, 2011). Other than these aspects there are many another aspect to which the management should pay attention, like the work environment of the em ployees. The leader of the company as well as the human resource manager must be motivating and supportive towards his employees. The management should also look after the basic requirements of the employees. Suppose an employee is working in a room where there is no fan. Naturally it would not satisfy the employee who will ultimately harm the company. The hardware and software development of the company is also a very important factor. The management of the organization or the company must recruit employees who can successfully develop the hardware and software systems of the company. For example in most of the large-scale industries, including some renowned health care organizations the head of the company operates the database of each and every employee. Thus, if there is a problem with a database system, it might harm the security of the organization (Baldoni, 2005). These are some approach that the company or the organization should take to get rid of any downfall of the compan y. The benefit of the change for future opportunities of the organization Change management is something that always includes a cause and an effect. The basic causes for which the changes must be taken are already discussed in above paragraph (Kessler, 2013). If there is the cause, there must be an effect. Here also, there is a great effect of the change process which is obviously benefactor for the health care system. A health care system or a hospital is a place where people come to get rid of their physical problems, thus a health care by adopting the mentioned changes can serve the people in a much better way. It may also be considered as the advantages of the required changes. If a organization is having some problem with any of its aspect, naturally it must be changed or modified (Arsenault, 2004). The process of changing various aspects is also mentioned. In totality, the main effect is the betterment or the improvement of the organization or the company. If the company is having any problem with its training procedure, taking the above-mentioned st eps can cause helpful to the fresher employees. If there is any issue regarding the patient satisfaction of the hospital, the process of service must be changed or modified. It will result in positive remarks or feedback of the patient and their family members, and if the patients are satisfied with the service, the organization will surely be benefited. If there is any problem with the work environment of the employees or employee satisfaction, the company or the organization will be harmed (Topolosky, 2000). To prevent this problem the leaders, human resource manager and the whole management of the organization have to be influential as well as supportive towards the workers of the company. If the communication between the workers and the management is good, there will be a pleasant and nice working environment. As a result, the whole organization will be benefited and the workers or employees of the organization will get a better environment to work which will be satisfactory eno ugh to them. Not only these but there are also some other advantages of bringing some required change to the company. Like if the database system of the company is strong or if the controller of that database system is efficient and dedicated towards their work the, the management will be able to secure their company. The recruiting process as well the human resource manager must be loyal and dedicated towards his job. This will provide the organization with a lot of efficient workers or employee. The leadership of the organization, being one of the most important parts, should be changed or modified by their requirements. The main perspective or the point of the essay is to bring out the reasons, for which the change is needed, the changing process of the selected aspects and the benefits it will provide to the organization or the company as a whole (DR.K.VANITHA, 2012). Conclusion The above essay is all about change management in a health care organization, its cause, and effect to a particular organization or community. Organizational development is something that depends on each and every sector of a company including its service procedure, employee performance, the efficiency of the leaders, patient feedback and many. The issues that harm these sectors are already mentioned in the above passage including the approaches that should be taken to develop the company as a whole. If a health care organization successfully maintains these ways of change then it will surely be able to get rid of some issues. Since few decades, the lack of change management has caused severe harm to many renowned and well-settled companies including some hospitals. Similarly, some organization has also managed to develop their working process and business successfully with the help of change management. Thus, change management is always very important for an organization or a compan y as a whole. References Arsenault, B. (2004). Adapting to Change.Journal Of Ambulatory Care Management,27(3), 237-241. Calvez, V. Gunette, A. (2003). An approach to change management.Thunderbird International Business Review,45(5), 629-636. Change management. (2007). Oxford. DR.K.VANITHA, D. (2012). Customer Relationship Management on Customer Satisfaction. Greener, T. Hughes, M. (2006). Managing change before change management.Strat. Change,15(4), 205-212. Harrington, H., Conner, D., Horney, N. (2000).Project change management. New York: McGraw Hill. Hughes, M. (2007). The Tools and Techniques of Change Management.Journal Of Change Management,7(1), 37-49. Kerber, K. Buono, A. (2007). Enhancing Change Capacity. Client-Consultant Collaboration and Emergent Change. Kessler, E. (2013).Encyclopedia of management theory. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE. Lewis, S., Passmore, J., Cantore, S. (2011).Appreciative inquiry for change management. London: Kogan Page.

Trends in Human Resource Management

Recurring Delight essays

Recurring Delight essays Seasons are caused by the Earths tilt of axis and rotation. Spring, autumn, winter, and summer all offer many endeavors. Of the four seasons, summer provides the most entertaining activities. Of the many activities, traveling, hiking, and going to the lake are what make summer my favorite season. Summer provides an apt time to partake in traveling. Traveling is an eye and mind opening experience. There is an excursion to Europe ever summer my family takes. Many special and magnificent landmarks and religious sites are there to visit. Having a summer vacation house in Steamboat Springs, Colorado, allows us to visit there during the summer. Colorado puts forth many different and fun filled adventures. The beach is another top traveling spot which is visited most frequently during the summer. The best site to holiday at is Ponte Vedra, Florida. During summer, traveling is a pleasurable thing to do. Hiking is a superb activity to be involved with, during summer. While hiking one sees magnificent scenery. Watching a sunrise or sunset while hiking is breath-taking. Wide varieties of places to hike allow people to choose from a simple and flat or a vigorous and steep trail. These terrains provide different cardiovascular workouts. The choice of where to hike can fluctuate on what animals might be seen. Choosing to hike in Arkansas, one will probably end up seeing various birds, rather than choosing Colorado where one might see a timid chipmunk to a ferocious mountain lion. Hiking can be made into a joyous occasion. The absolute best thing during summer is going to the lake. Ouchita is the most preferable to any of the other lakes surrounding the area of Fort Smith, Arkansas. Swimming is a fun sport to participate in while at the lake. Either by the dock or off of the boat, swimming provides a time to leisurely wade in the water. Riding jet skis offers exhilarating excitement at the lake. Driving fast, ...

Heart disease in older people Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Heart disease in older people - Term Paper Example Heart diseases mostly affect the aged since they have a very weak system. According to Elliot, Aitken & Chaboyer (2006) about 43% of deaths among the aged population in Australia is usually caused by heart diseases. This paper will focus on smoking and obesity as factors causing heart diseases. The paper will focus on diabetes pressure as the heart disease. According to the Diabetes Atlas (2007), diabetes is chronic condition which is result of an individual having too much sugar in their blood system. Diabetes is also associated with a low production of insulin in the blood system. An insight on obesity as a causing factor indicates it as a major cause. Less generation of insulin in the body can be caused by lack of physical exercises. An obese person has fewer activities which lowers the activity levels of the metabolic system (Williams, 2002). An inactive metabolic system generates very low levels of insulin in the body. Reduced insulin levels make it difficult for one to control their blood sugar levels. In the older population, obesity makes it difficult for them to recover from diabetes. As a factor causing heart diseases high cholesterol levels are the main factors. Obesity in older people is accompanied by greater levels of cholesterol. High cholesterol causes hardening of arteries. This in turn leads to blood clots in the arteries and sudden heart attacks. In Australia the causes of heart attacks and obesity caused by high cholesterol is at 23% annually (Mitchell & Zwaan, 2007)). From the percentage 19% of the diagnosed individuals are above the age of 25. In Australia, smoking is the leading cause of heart diseases in older people. From the heart diseases, diabetes is one of the major diseases diagnosed. Apart from nicotine cigarettes contain other chemicals which have harmful effects to the heart. The chemicals heart the rhythm of the heart, cholesterol levels in the heart and the blood pressure. In older people the effects

Assigment for Strategic management accounting Essay

Assigment for Strategic management accounting - Essay Example The business functions within Pear Ltd’s value chain encompass aspects such as research and development, design of products, services, and processes, production, marketing, distribution, and customer service. As such, cost management is critical component to the company’s operation in integrating and coordinating activities in all spheres of business function. Alternative Methods of Budgeting The traditional budgeting employs the incremental approach whereby the previous year’s budget is used a basis, subsequent to adjustments up and down, from that budget to mirror the changing assumptions for a new year. This incorporates employing the previous year’s budget, adjusted to accommodate known factors such as anticipated price inflation. Although, incremental budgets are crucial for planning, they may be less useful for control. The incremental approach to budgeting has the effect of incorporating last year’s inefficiencies into the present budget (Bhi mani and Bromwich, 2010). This necessitates the consideration of alternative methods of budgeting. Zero Based Budgeting Zero-based budgeting avails a better approach to dealing with the drawbacks associated with incremental budgeting. Unlike in incremental budgeting, zero-based approach does not necessarily start from the previous year’s budget level; instead, the existing operations remain evaluated and continuance of the operation or activity ought to be justified based on its utility and its need to the company (Bhattacharyya, 2011). Every plan in this case remain justified as per the total cost, and the total benefits and past performance are not in any way referred as a building block. Zero-based budgeting approach avails some distinctive advantages compared to traditional incremental budgeting such as it allocates financial resources based on planning requirements and results; and, in order to attain efficiency, zero-based approach encourages managers to search for alte rnative operation plans. However, the process can consume a lot of managerial time and may appear to be â€Å"too drastic a solution for the task at hand.† Moreover, short-term benefits may take precedence and obscure long-term planning and there may be annual conflicts over budget allocation (Bhattacharyya, 2011). In order to circumvent these drawbacks, especially concerning the managerial time required, one alternative may be to conduct a rolling budget every year and carry out zero-based budgeting perhaps three to five years, or in cases where a considerable modification that occurs within operations. This compromise may aid weeding out waste and inefficiency, especially within a period of intense competition and reengineering that is characteristic of the mobile phone industry (Bhattacharyya, 2011). The adoption of zero-based budgeting will aid Pear Ltd to save costs and exercise restraint in developing budgets, minimizing the entitlement mentality with regard to cost inc reases, and budget decisions to be more meaningful during review sessions. Zero-based budgeting approach is applicable to Pear Ltd in aiding the company to utilize the latest insights and business priorities that reveal fresh opportunities to minimize investments and costs in areas where Pear Ltd market share is lower than critical thresholds. Activity Based Budgeting